# Structural design of a dapped end with an opening (EN)

$$1 New projectStart by launching IDEA StatiCa and select the application Detail. Create a new project by clicking New. The Wizard window is opened and you can start with a selection of proper concrete grade and cover. Then continue with Members 1D topology. In Members 1D templates, select Dapped end, one css. After this, a predefined template will load geometry and basic reinforcement into our model.2 GeometryStart with the modification of geometry. Three items have been loaded by the template: Member M1 dapped end DE1, and point support PS1. We click on DE1 and choose right-sided haunch with 0.85 m width. Continue with the addition of opening. To add it, click on the plus button and in Model pick Opening. Change the shape of the opening to Circular and the diameter to 0.5 m. To place the opening to the desired position, use the master and insert points relationship. The master component will be M1 and masterpoint no. 8, insert the point of opening also no. 8, and the distance between these points in X direction will be 1.5 m. IDEA StatiCa Detail warns you by error messages and by red highlighted items, that the length of the detail is insufficient. The trimmed end of detail should be at a distance of at least 1.5*h from the last source of discontinuity. In this case, the governing source is opening and the sufficient length of the member is 4.6 m. All warnings should disappear after the elongation of member M1. 3 Loads Two load cases and three nonlinear combinations were automatically added by the software. You need two load cases to distinguish between permanent and variable loads and three combinations to cover one ULS and two SLS combinations (Characteristic and Quasi-permanent) for all checks.Modify load case LC1 for permanent effects. Apply reaction as a shear force Vz from the right position. You can see the change in the internal forces diagram. Switch to LC2 load case by combo box and repeat the steps with different values. As you want to decrease the values of internal forces at the trimmed end, change the line load value. The last step in loads definition will be the change of the partial factor for quasi-permanent combination CO2. You can access the partial factor dialog from any defined combination by the pen icon next to the combination rule. Change the LC2 partial factor. 4 ReinforcementTo reinforce this particular model, start with a predefined template in IDEA StatiCa Detail and modify it. Before doing that, you would like to see, how to reinforce it based on design tools results. Click on the Linear analysis icon to run it. To see the most compressed fields better, you can apply a filter for compression -1.4 MPa on the right side of the ribbon. These are the results you can see: Red areas represent compression and blue lines tension. If you want to reinforce the detail based on these results you can switch to Input/Edit. Results will remain in the background, but to show how to work with reinforcement, switch them off for the purpose of the tutorial. First item ST1 is used for stirrups modeling. Modify the diameter of the stirrups to 10 mm and change the distances between stirrups as 50 2500/17 a200. As you can see, you can combine several definitions of distances. This means, that first stirrup is positioned 50 mm from edge, then we fill 2.5 m by a division of 17 and fill the rest per 200 mm distance. Change reinforcement item GB1 properties. Replace reinforcement item IB1 by another group of bars item – delete IB1 first. To add a new reinforcement item, use plus button and select the Group of bars in the Model section. Change the definition of GB4 bar shape to On more edges and then adjust the diameter. Then fill in the right order of edges to place the rebar into the desired position. You added the opening to the original template and thus you need to add reinforcement around it. Again, press plus button and in Cages we select Around opening. Modify its properties according to the screenshot. When you switch in the navigator to Check, this is how your final reinforcement should look like: 5 Calculation and CheckStart the analysis by clicking Calculate in the ribbon. The analysis model is automatically generated, the calculations are performed and you can see the summary of checks displayed together with the values of check results. To go through detailed checks of each component, start with the Strength tab. This will show concrete checks such as utilization in stress, principal stresses, strains, and a map of reduction factor kc which can be switched on the ribbon. For detailed results of reinforcement, you need to click on a row Reinforcement. This will change the ribbon icons and will unroll the table for results. We can display results for strains and stresses in each bar and their utilization. All results can be displayed in the same way. Let´s show the difference in ribbon for SLS checks crack-width and deflection. Besides the icons to switch between the results, there are settings in the ribbon to set the limit value or display of results from short/long-term models. 6 ReportAt last, go to the Report Preview/Print. IDEA StatiCa offers a fully customizable report to print out or save in an editable format. You have designed, optimized, and code-checked a dapped end with an opening according to Eurocode. 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