# End plate minor axis connection

This is a selected chapter from book Component-based finite element design of steel connections by prof. Wald et al. The chapter is focused on verification of end plate.
$$DescriptionComponent-based finite element method (CBFEM) model of the beam to column joint is verified on Component method (CM). The extended end plate with three bolt rows is connected to column web and loaded by bending moment; see Fig. 5.3.1. Fig. 5.3.1 Joint geometryAnalytical modelThree components, which are guiding the behavior, are the end plate in bending, the beam flange in tension and in compression, and the column web in bending. The end plate and the beam flange in tension and in compression are designed according to EN 1993-1-8:2005. The behavior of the column web in bending is predicted according to (Steenhuis et al. 1998). The results of experiments of the beam to column minor axis joints, e.g. (Lima et al. 2009), show good prediction of this type of joint loaded in-plane of a connected beam.Numerical modelAssessment is based on the maximum strain given according to EN 1993-1-5:2006 by the value of 5 %. Detailed information about CBFEM model is summarized in Chapter 3.Verification of resistanceThe sensitivity study of the joint resistance was prepared for column cross-sections. Joint geometry is shown in Fig. 5.3.1. In Tab. 5.3.1 and in Fig. 5.3.2, the results of calculations in case of enlarging end plate P18 relatively with the column section are summarized.Tab. 5.3.1 Results of prediction of the of end plate minor axis connection for different rafters Column HEB2002402803003203403604004505006007008009001000 CM403531323334363838394248495254 CBFEM343231323234353938384044444748 CM/CBFEM1,141,060,971,01,001,001,030,951,001,001,051,091,111,111,13 Fig. 5.3.2 Comparison resistance of end plate minor axis connection predicted by CBFEM and CMGlobal behaviorGlobal behavior is presented on force-deformation curve. Beam IPE 240 is connected to column HEB 300 with six bolts M16 8.8. End plate geometry is shown in Fig. 5.3.1 and in Tab. 5.3.1. Comparison of both methods results is presented in Fig. 5.3.3 and in Tab.5.3.2. Both methods predict similar design resistance. CBFEM generally gives lower initial stiffness compared to CM. Fig. 5.3.3 Prediction of behavior of end plate minor axis connection on moment rotational curveTab. 5.3.2 Main characteristics for global behavior CMCBFEMCM/CBFEM Initial stiffness[kNm/rad]801323003,48 Design resistance[kNm]32321,00 Deformation capacity[mrad]-34- The results of studies are summarized in the graph comparing resistances by CBFEM and component method; see Fig. 5.3.4. The results show that the difference between methods is up to 14 %. CBFEM predicts in all cases lower resistance compared to CM, which is based on simplification in (Steenhuis et al. 1998). Similar results may be observed in work by (Wang and Wang, 2012). Fig. 5.3.4 Summary of verification of CBFEM to CM for the end plate minor axis connectionBenchmark exampleThe benchmark case is prepared for the end plate minor axis connection according to Fig. 5.3.1 with modified geometry as summarized below.Inputs Steel S235 Column HEB 300 Beam IPE 240 Bolts 6×M16 8.8 Welds thickness 5 mm End-plate thickness tp = 18 mm Outputs Design resistance in bending MRd = 32 kNm Governing component – column web in bending Sample files Open in Viewer Download ReferencesEN 1993-1-5, Eurocode 3, Design of steel structures – Part 1-5: Plated Structural Elements, CEN, Brussels, 2005.Steenhuis M., Jaspart J. P., Gomes F., Leino T. Application of the component method to steel joints, in Control of the Semi-rigid Behaviour of Civil Engineering Structural Connections Conference, COST C1, Liege, Belgium, 1998, 125-143.Wang Z., Wang T. Experiment and finite element analysis for the end plate minor axis connection of semi-rigid steel frames, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 45 (8), 2012, 83-89.$$